SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.category_id as variant_id, 
  cd.category as variant 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products as products ON products.product_id = cscart_products_categories.product_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions cd ON cscart_products_categories.category_id = cd.category_id 
  AND lang_code = 'en' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_companies AS companies ON companies.company_id = products.company_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_tag_categories as products_tag_categories ON products_tag_categories.product_id = products.product_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = products_tag_categories.category_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_popularity as popularity ON popularity.product_id = products.product_id 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND cscart_categories.category_id IN (504) 
  AND companies.status IN ('A') 
  AND (
    products.amount > 0 
    OR products.tracking = 'D'
  ) 
  AND (
    products.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(0, products.usergroup_ids) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(1, products.usergroup_ids)
  ) 
  AND products.status IN ('A') 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.category_id 
ORDER BY 
  cd.category ASC

Query time 0.09072

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cd.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "const",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "p_category_id"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
              "ref": ["const"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "using_index": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products_tag_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
              "ref": ["const"],
              "rows": 595,
              "filtered": 100,
              "using_index": true
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "products",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "status"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["dev_db.products_tag_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 51.89157104,
              "attached_condition": "(products.amount > 0 or products.tracking = 'D') and (products.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,products.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,products.usergroup_ids)) and products.`status` = 'A'"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "companies",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "4",
              "used_key_parts": ["company_id"],
              "ref": ["dev_db.products.company_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "companies.`status` = 'A'"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": ["pt"],
              "key": "pt",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
              "ref": ["dev_db.products_tag_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cd",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "9",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
              "ref": ["dev_db.cscart_products_categories.category_id", "const"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "trigcond(cd.lang_code = 'en')"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}