SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 
    462, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 
    478, 479, 480, 481, 482
  )

Query time 0.00442

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["parent"],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "rows": 21,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_categories.parent_id in (463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,462,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}