SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    41277, 41278, 41168, 41167, 1427, 40491
  )

Query time 0.00056

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 6,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (41277,41278,41168,41167,1427,40491)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}