SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    42254, 40319, 6572, 36264, 36263, 36265, 
    37256, 37257, 37258, 37259, 37260, 
    42253
  )

Query time 0.00489

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "total"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_popularity.product_id in (42254,40319,6572,36264,36263,36265,37256,37257,37258,37259,37260,42253)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}