SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    17264, 17263, 17262, 17261, 17260, 17258, 
    5296
  )

Query time 0.00080

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "total"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 7,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_popularity.product_id in (17264,17263,17262,17261,17260,17258,5296)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}