SELECT 
  option_id, 
  option_type 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options 
WHERE 
  option_id IN (1508, 1512, 1306, 1308)

Query time 0.00046

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_options",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["option_id"],
          "rows": 4,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_options.option_id in (1508,1512,1306,1308)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}