SELECT 
  product_id, 
  parent_product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  parent_product_id = 36466

Query time 0.00196

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["idx_parent_product_id"],
          "key": "idx_parent_product_id",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_product_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rows": 16,
          "filtered": 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Result

product_id parent_product_id
36578 36466
36579 36466
36580 36466
36581 36466
36582 36466
36583 36466
36584 36466
36585 36466
36586 36466
36587 36466
36588 36466
36589 36466
36590 36466
36591 36466
36592 36466
36593 36466
36594 36466
36595 36466
36596 36466