SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    37455, 37456, 37457, 37458, 37459, 37460, 
    37461, 37462, 37463, 37464, 37465, 
    37466
  )

Query time 0.00124

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "total"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_popularity.product_id in (37455,37456,37457,37458,37459,37460,37461,37462,37463,37464,37465,37466)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}