SELECT 
  option_id, 
  option_type 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options 
WHERE 
  option_id IN (187, 601, 1425, 1430, 712, 194)

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_options",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["option_id"],
          "rows": 6,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_options.option_id in (187,601,1425,1430,712,194)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}