SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1893, 1773, 18608, 1942, 48503, 1946, 
    44946, 44943, 44944, 44947, 44945, 
    41429, 2157, 856, 41123, 36329, 6282, 
    6284, 41421, 3916, 1429, 6211, 31957, 
    4305, 28167, 33716, 3885, 51, 3917, 
    36339, 5628, 6050
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00386

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": [
            "usergroup",
            "product_id",
            "lower_limit",
            "usergroup_id"
          ],
          "key": "product_id",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 32,
          "filtered": 99.9960556,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_prices.product_id in (1893,1773,18608,1942,48503,1946,44946,44943,44944,44947,44945,41429,2157,856,41123,36329,6282,6284,41421,3916,1429,6211,31957,4305,28167,33716,3885,51,3917,36339,5628,6050)",
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 and cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id in (0,1)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}