SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    20609, 20608, 20607, 20606, 20605, 20604, 
    20603, 20602, 20601, 20600, 20599, 
    2946
  )

Query time 0.00154

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "total"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_popularity.product_id in (20609,20608,20607,20606,20605,20604,20603,20602,20601,20600,20599,2946)",
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}